Resumo
In recent decades, great progress has been made toward understanding exactly how aerosol particles affect the climate system. Nevertheless, according to the 2007 assessment by the Intergovemmental Panel on Climate Change, the task of quantifying the direct and indirect radiative forcing with reasonable precision remains a challenge. In polluted, populated regions, aerosol particles not only affect the climate but can also impair air quality and consequently endanger the health of population. Such is the case in the Metropolitan Area of Sao Paulo (MASP), one of the largest megacities in the world. It is recognized that megacities have regional and global effects on climate, and that aerosols constitute the principal tracer of those effects. Attempts to describe the origin and fate of aerosols in the atmosphere must employ modeling in order to represent the physicochemical processes. Another common objective is to evaluate the impact of climate change on air quality in mega-cities. One important point is that mega-cities have a strong impact on global air quality and are highly affected by climate changes. Urban centers can be considered climate observatories in which hypotheses regarding the interactions among climate, air quality and human health can be evaluated. This project, comprising various subprojects, will employ measurements and modeling to study aerosol particles in the atmosphere: sources; evolution in the atmosphere; formation of secondary particles; deposition; and potential impact on the climate and human health. Ground-based and aircraft measurements are planned. Aerosol size and chemical composition, including bioaerosol, as well as cloud condensation nuclei, will be analyzed. Expected benefits from this project include an emission inventory of the principal aerosol sources in the MASP, an aerosol optical and cloud microphysical model, together with an estimate of aerosol direct radiative forcing and the respective uncertainty, and a more realistic air quality model including human health impacts. We also expect to clarify how the changes in climate will affect air quality in the MASP. (AU)
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